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Environmental Insights & Innovation

Explore in-depth articles on sustainable solutions, environmental innovation, and ecosystem restoration.

Oil-based Mulching in Iran (National Geographic, November 1979)
Environmental Topics
1979-11-01128 min read

Oil-based Mulching in Iran (National Geographic, November 1979)

The November 1979 issue of National Geographic examines Iran’s innovative approach to combating desertification, using petroleum mulch to stabilize migrating sand dunes near Ahvaz. In this process, workers use tankers pulled by bulldozers to evenly spray residual oil over the sand surface. This creates a gray, adhesive layer that retains moisture, prevents sand movement, and supports the establishment and growth of vegetation. As part of broader desert control and land protection programs, this technique demonstrates the use of petroleum resources for environmental restoration, blending engineering ingenuity with ecological needs in arid regions.

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Short-term effect of oil-mulch on vegetation dynamic
Oil Mulch
2019-01-0160 min read

Short-term effect of oil-mulch on vegetation dynamic

This study examines the short-term effects of oil-mulch on vegetation in arid southwestern Iran, combining ecological surveys with remote sensing. One year after application, vegetation cover, litter, and rangeland condition improved, while bare soil decreased. However, species diversity and evenness declined. Remote sensing (MSAVI) detected a 44.8% vegetation increase between 2017 and 2019. Using oil-mulch with native plantings and grazing control can support rangeland rehabilitation, but biodiversity impacts require monitoring.

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Short-term effect of oil-mulch on vegetation dynamic
Oil Mulch
2021-01-2535 min read

Short-term effect of oil-mulch on vegetation dynamic

This study analyzes the short-term effects of oil-mulch on vegetation in arid southwestern Iran using ecological field data and remote sensing. One year after application, vegetation cover, litter, and rangeland condition improved while bare soil decreased. However, species diversity and evenness declined. MSAVI index from remote sensing showed a 44.8% increase in vegetation cover between 2017 and 2019. Combining oil-mulch with native plantings and grazing control supports rangeland rehabilitation, but biodiversity impacts must be monitored.

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Sand Dunes Fixation In Baiji District Iraq
Desertification
2002-01-0135 min read

Sand Dunes Fixation In Baiji District Iraq

This paper examines methods and technologies for stabilizing sand dunes in desert areas, focusing on petroleum and bio mulches, native vegetation planting, and windbreak construction. The author analyzes the impact of these measures on reducing wind erosion, improving vegetation cover, and protecting soil resources. Case studies from different countries demonstrate that combining mechanical and biological approaches yields the best results. The study highlights the importance of sustainable management and adapting techniques to the region’s climatic and economic conditions.

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